Plotting overlapping prediction intervals

Date

23 March 2016

Topics
forecasting
graphics
R

I often see figures with two sets of prediction intervals plotted on the same graph using different line types to distinguish them. The results are almost always unreadable. A better way to do this is to use semi-transparent shaded regions. Here is an example showing two sets of forecasts for the Nile River flow.

library(forecast)

f1 = forecast(auto.arima(Nile, lambda=0), h=20, level=95)
f2 = forecast(ets(Nile), h=20, level=95)

plot(f1, shadecol=rgb(0,0,1,.4), flwd=1,
     main="Forecasts of Nile River flow",
     xlab="Year", ylab="Billions of cubic metres")
polygon(c(time(f2$mean),rev(time(f2$mean))),
        c(f2$lower,rev(f2$upper)),
        col=rgb(1,0,0,.4),
        border=FALSE)
lines(f2$mean, col=rgb(.7,0,0))
legend("bottomleft",
       fill=c(rgb(0,0,1,.4),rgb(1,0,0,.4)),
       col=c("blue","red"), lty=1,
       legend=c("ARIMA","ETS"))

The blue region shows 95% prediction intervals for the ARIMA forecasts, while the red region shows 95% prediction intervals for the ETS forecasts. Where they overlap, the colors blend to make purple. In this case, the point forecasts are quite close, but the prediction intervals are relatively different.